NILAM/ PATCHOULI/ PONGOSTEMON CABLIN /INSECT REPELLANT PLANT/ POKOK PENGHINDAR SERANGGA

NILAM/ PATCHOULI/ PONGOSTEMON CABLIN

POKOK SABUN ZAMAN SILAM/SOAP PLANT OF OLD DAYS

Botanical name/Nama sains: Pongostemon cablin
Common name/nama biasa: Nilam, Patchouli, dilem, remi, kawini, pisak, ugapa
Family/ famili: Labiatae
Type of plants/ jenis pokok: Shrubs/ pokok sesemak
Origin/ Negara asal: Malaysia, and Southern Asian Countries
Plant height/ ketinggian pokok: 700-800mm

Facts about the plant/ fakta mengenai pokok nilam:-

Soap substitute plants-./Pengganti sabun

• During the old days before soap was introduced, most South East Asian put crushed leaves of Nilam/Patchouli in their bucket/ water trough for bathing and washing their cloth.
  
• Sebelum ada sabun daun pokok yang telah ditumbuk atau diramas dimasukan kedalam air mandian dan untuk cuci pakaian.

Insect repellant plants / Penghindar serangga

• Nilam/patchouli plants were planted around houses to repel insect including mosquitoes:
  
• Pokok Nilam ditanam disekeliling rumah untuk menghindar serangga termasuk nyamuk.

Now extensively cultivated in/ Sekarang di tanam secara meluas di

• Malaysia, Caribbean, China, India. Thailand, Mauritius, Philippines, West Africa, Vietnam

Strong Scent / Bau yang kuat

• Scent can induce relaxation

Planted in plantation for essential oil /Ditanam diladang untuk dijadikan minyak atsiri

• Oil contents 2.5 to 5%

• Kadar kandungan minyak 2.5 hingga 5%

Treatment of cloth for storage/rawatan untuk simpan kain

• In old days cloth for storage are soaked in Nilam/patchouli water and dried for storage, no insect will come near it.
• Pada zaman dahulu kain yang hendak disimpan terlebih dahulu direndam didalam air Nilam/ Patchouli dan dikeringkan.

Medicinal uses

• The Malays make decoction of the roots for Dropsy/ Air rebusan akar untuk sembab

• Leaves are made into poultice to treat boils, head-ache , jaundice and bilious fever/ Daun ditumbuk untuk kulit bernanah/bisul, sakit kepala, sakit kuning dan demam panas serta muntah muntah

• In Sri Lanka , powdered leaves use as sternutator: (a chemical substance that causes sneezing and coughing and crying);/. Di Sri Langka debu dari daun dibuat ubat penggalak bersin.

• Chinese medicine uses the herb to treat headaches, colds, sore throat, nausea, diarrhea, and snake bites skin ulcer, eczema, abdominal pain/ Di gunakan didalam perubatan china untuk sakit kepala,selsema, muntah muntah, gigitan ular, kudis, sakit kulit kerana alahan, cirit birit dan sakit perut.( Pongostemon auricularius)

• Aromatherapy oil/ Minyak untuk aromaterapi.

Use in Perfumery Industry

• Popular component in Perfume for men/Komponen kegemaran untuk Minyak wangi lelaki.
• Soap/sabun
• Cream/krim
• Hair conditioner/ kondisioner rambut
• Perfumed tissue paper/Kertas tisu wangi
• Air freshener/ Pewangi udara

Chemical content (aroma profile)/Kandungan kimia (frofil aroma)

• Germacrene
• Patchoulo
• Norpatchoulenol
• Patchouli Alkohol
• Patchouli camphor
• Eugenol
• Benzaldehyde
• Cinnamic aldehyde
• Cardinene
  

Notes/catitan;-

There are more articles listed at the top right column ,listed on the following headings/terdapat banyak lagi artikel disenarai di ruangan kanan/atas dibawah tajuk berikut:-

* Tips on landscape.
* Tips on herbal plants,
* Tips on agriculture
* General tips .

Reference

Wiki

I.H.Burkill- A dictionary of the Economic Products of the peninsula Malaysia

Ir. Hieronymus Budi Santoso- Bertanam Nilam

Alvins ex Ridley in Journal Roy.As. Soc.Straits Branch, 50,1901

Dr. Cheung Siu Cheung- Chinese Medicinal herbs Of Hong Kong Vol. 4