POKOK PUTARWALI (TINOSPORA SPP.)

PUTARWALI (TINOSPORA SPP.)

Nama Melayu (Malay name): Putarwali, Batang wali, akar seruntum, Gasing-gasing, Antawali,

Nama sains (Botanical name): Tinospora tuberculata(Malaysia)

Origin: Malaysia, Indonesia, India, Phillipine, China, Indo-China,Thailand, Singapore,New Guinea

Famili/Family: Menispermaceae


Type of plant: woody climbing shrub/ pokok memanjat

Leaves
The leaves are heart shaped/ berbentuk hati

Stem
Exceedingly bitter/sangat pahit

Flowers
Flowers are yellow/kuning

Fruits
Fruits are drupes, turning red when ripe/ bertangkai.

Facts about the plant

• A genus of about 25 woody climbers/ terdapat 25 spesis.
• The chemical content of all genus is about the same/ kandungan bahan kimia lebih kurang sama
• Known mostly to the older generation only/ Pokok ini selalunya hanya dikenali oleh generasi tua.
• A very bitter plant, cut a piece of the stem and just dip a few minute in a glass of water , the water will become bitter even without boiling./ Cuba potong batang pokok ini dan masukan kedalam segelas air untuk beberapa minit, anda akan dapati air menjadi pahit walaupun tidak direbus.
• Cut a piece of the stem and just hang it from a branch of any tree, the stem will grow a new leaves and will send a new root down to the ground even the branch is two meters up. Sekiranya anda memotong dan menggantung batang putarwali ke dahan pokok, daun baru akan tumbuh dan akar baru akan diturunkan mencari tanah, walaupun digantung setinggi 2 meter.
• In India, they make this climber climb a neem tree, according to the belief, the medicinal value of the neem tree (Azadirachta indica) will enhance the medicinal value of tinospora. Di India, mereka mengalakkan pokok ini memanjat pokok mambu (Azadirachta indica), kononnya khasiat pokok mambu akan menambah khasiat pokok putarwali.
  

Medicinal uses/kegunaan atau khasiat perubatan

Malaysia- Tinospora tuberculata

• Vermifuge/ubat cacing
• Cholera/taun
• Washing eye sore and syphilitic sore/ mencuci sakit mata dan penyakit siplis
• Diabetes/kencing manis
• Rheumatic/reumatik
• Leaves made into poultice for itch/ daun untuk ubat gatal
• According to old folks, if the stem is make into necklace, then stinging insect will not come near any one wearing it. Somebody need to try this and inform us whether it is not a myth./ Mengikut orang tua tua batang putarwali jika di buat kalung , maka serangga berbisa tidak akan dataing dekat si pemakainya. Sekiranya anda ingin mencuba, harap beritahu kami samada ianya benar
  
• Cough/batuk
• Given to horses, cattle and buffaloes to stimulate the appetite/Di beri kepada binatang untuk menambah nafsu makan
• Crushed leaves applied to wound/Daun yang ditumbuk digunakan untuk merawat luka
• Skin lesions/Kudis
• Anti-septic/anti-kuman
  

Indonesia - T. tuberculata/ T. crispa

• Fresh and dried stem sold in the market/ batang basah dan kering dijual di pasar
• Rheumatic/Rheumatik
• Blood clot underneath skin due to injury caused by blunt object/memar atau lebam
• Increase appetite/menambah nafsu makan
• Diabetes/ kencing manis
• Yellow fever/ demam kuning
  
• Skin lesions/Kudis
• As antiseptic to clean an injury/ Antiseptik untuk membersih luka
• Vaginitis/Keputihan
• Crushed leaves applied to wound/ Daun yang ditumbuk digunakan untuk merawat luka
• Cough/batuk
  

Tropical Africa- Tinospora bakis

• Treating fever/demam
• Two alkoloids found
  

Thailand Tinospora rumphii, T. tuberculata

• Hepatoprotectant/ubat hati
  
• Fever/demam
• Diabetes/kencing manis
  

Phillipine-Tinospora rumphii

• Vernacular name given to the plant meaning ‘ you may live’ or ‘the hope of life’, which indicates the great trust put in it./Nama pokok ini di Filipina bermakna 'awak akan hidup' atau 'harapan hidup', begitu lah penting dan kepercayaan mereka kepada pokok ini.
  
• Applied to the nipples in the weaning of a child/ dipakaikan pada payudara untuk bercerai susu.
  
• Diuretic
• Tonic/tonik
• Diabetes
• Hepatoprotectant/ubat hati
  

India-Tinospora cordifolia and T. tuberculata

• Hindu medicine/ ubat agama Hindu
• Fever/demam
• Diabetes/ kencing manis
• Washing eye sore and syphilitic sore/pencuci sakit mata dan siplis
  
• Ayurvedic medicine/ digunakan dalam perubatan ayurvedik
• Applied to the skin to prevent mosquito bites/ disapukan pada kulit untuk hinder digigit nyamuk
• Serves as emetic in snake bites/ Membuat mangsa muntah untuk rawatan digigit ular

Singapore -Tinospora tuberculata

• Part of indigestion mixture/ sebahagian ubat penghadaman
• Ague or malaria/Deman panas atau malaria
• Small pox/ cacar
• It is so bitter that induce vomiotting, therefore it serve as an emetic in the treatment of snakes-bites./ Membuat mangsa muntah untuk rawatan digigit ular

China- Tinospora chinensis, T. tomentosa

• Fever/demam
• Rheumatic arthritis/ghout
• Sciatica/ sakit urat saraf
• Traumatic injury/ rawatan luka

Indo-china- Tinospora tomentosa

• Fever/demam
• Rheumatism/reumatik
• Given to horses, cattle and buffaloes to stimulate the appetite/ tambah selera makan untuk lembu, kerbau dan lain lain.
  

Active substance/Bahan aktif

• Berberine
• Uncrystallizable substance which easily change intoa glucoside
• Trace of pikroretin
• Crystalline bittersubstance- columbin
• Giloin
• Giloininand ( a glucosidal bitter principle)
• Polysaccharides( including arabinogalactan)
• Picrotene
• Bergenin

Notes/catitan;-

There are more articles listed at the top right column ,listed on the following headings/terdapat banyak lagi artikel disenarai di ruangan kanan/atas dibawah tajuk berikut:-

• Tips on landscape.
  
• Tips on herbal plants,
  
• Tips on agriculture
  
• General tips .

Reference/rujukan:
• Dr, Cheung Siu- Cheung-Chinese Medicinal herbs of Hong Kong, Vol. 1 page 34
• Dr. Setiawan Dalimartha- Resepi Tumbuhan Obat untukReumatik
• The Dispensatory of the United States of America, 1918, was edited by Joseph P. Remington, Horatio C. Wood and others
• Ir fauziah Muhlisah, Taman Obat keluarga
• Djoko Santosa,S.Si., Drs. Didik Gunawan,Apt.Su- Ramuan Tradisional untuk Penyakit kulit
• I..H.Burkill - A Dictionary of the Economic Products od the Peninsula Malaysia
• Phillip. Journal, Sci., 33,1927
• Dymock(Veg.. Mat., Med., W.India,ed.of 1885)
• Bacon (Phillip.Journ.,Sci.,1, 1906)